BIOMECHANICAL ASPECTS OF BONE PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS FOR DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES

Abstract

Introduction. The paper presents some biomechanical aspects of osteosynthesis diaphyseal fractures (transverse, oblique, and spiral) by means of bone plates. The presence of large amount of different types of bone plates makes this type of internal fracture fixation very effective, inexpensive and worthy for further research and development. The aim of research was to develop the technology of calculating the optimal variants of screw placement in the plate under various simple and complicated loads.

Methods. For this purpose the plate-bone model was created in Solid Works and the strain-deformity state under static load was calculated in Autodesk. The following variants of fixation were studied: with 2, 3, 4 screws on each side of a fracture. Stainless steel 12Х18Н9Т parameters were used in the study.

Results. The von Misses stress was measured in 4 plate areas. For the variant of fixation when 4 screws were used on each side from the fracture for the maximum load the stress level at the plate center was – 101.194 MPa, near the first hole from the fracture site – 96.456 MPa, in the 3 and the 4 points – 107.779 MPa та 154.177 MPa respectively. In cases with the less number of screws were used the stress was decreased due to the increasing of the plate stress zone. Particularly when 3 screws were used the stress decreased near the 1 hole of the plate on 10.7 %, and in the 4 point it was decreased only on 2.3 %, due to the proximity of the inserted screw.

Conclusions. The practical application of use low contact bone plates creates advanced conditions for fracture healing without delays, a the methodology that was developed by the authors to determine the optimal allocation of fixing elements on the plate body allows to perform it less invasive and to decrease the level of stress concentrators on the bone.

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